不可撤銷(xiāo)跟單信用證(公開(kāi)議付)
(一)公開(kāi)議付(Unrestricted Negotiation)
公開(kāi)議付亦稱自由議付。凡公開(kāi)議付信用證,一般來(lái)講在信用證的議付條款中須注明“公開(kāi)議付”(Free Negotiation)字樣。
但有的信用證不載明此字樣,而載明“邀請(qǐng)”(Invitation)或“建議”(Order)公開(kāi)議付條款。
開(kāi)證銀行開(kāi)立的信用證是通過(guò)其承諾條款(Undertaking Clause)或稱保證條款來(lái)表達(dá)其公開(kāi)議付的功能。
凡信用證中列有如下承諾條款的,皆為公開(kāi)議付:
1、本銀行(開(kāi)證銀行)向出票人、背書(shū)人及正當(dāng)持票人保證,凡依本信用證所列條款開(kāi)具的匯票,于提交時(shí)承擔(dān)付款責(zé)任。
We (Issuing Bank) hereby engage with the drawers, endorsers and bona - fide holders of draft(s) drawn under and in compl-iance with the terms of the credit that such draft(s) shall be duly honoured on due presentation and delivery of documents as specified.
2、凡依本信用證條款開(kāi)具并提示匯票 ,本銀行保證對(duì)其出票人、背書(shū) 人和正當(dāng)持票人于交單時(shí)承兌付款。
Provided such drafts are drawn and presented in accordance with the terms of this credit, we hereby engage with the dra-wers, endorsers and bona - fide holders that the said drafts shall be duly honoured on presentation.
3、本信用證項(xiàng)下簽發(fā)的匯票并符合信用證所列條款,則其出票人、背書(shū)人、及正當(dāng)持票人于19____年_ 月_日以前向議付銀行提示議付,開(kāi)證銀行保證于提交單據(jù)時(shí)付清票款。
We hereby agree with the drawers,endorsers and bona-fide holders of drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms of this credit that the same shall be duly honoured on due presentation, and negotiated at the Negotiating Bank on or before, 19___。
4、本銀行向出票人、背書(shū)人及正當(dāng)持票人表示同意,凡依本信用證所列條款開(kāi)具的匯票,向本銀行提示時(shí)。到期即予以付清票款。
We hereby agree with the drawers, endorsers and bona - fide holders of drafts drawn in compliance with the terms of the credit that such drafts shall be duly honoured on presentation and paid at maturity.
邀請(qǐng)公開(kāi)議付的條款系指開(kāi)證銀行或付款銀行作出保證或承諾,凡匯票出票人、背書(shū)人或正當(dāng)持票人,持有按信用證所列條款而簽發(fā)匯票者,付款銀行屆時(shí)予以付款。此條款系付款銀行向持票人發(fā)出普遍的、公開(kāi)的、自由議付的書(shū)面邀請(qǐng)。凡開(kāi)具公開(kāi)議付信用證的銀行,一般來(lái)講系信譽(yù)好,手續(xù)簡(jiǎn)便,銀行費(fèi)用較低的銀行。
凡簽發(fā)公開(kāi)議付匯票的受益人,必然收取外匯,采用公開(kāi)議付方式,對(duì)出票人選擇議付銀行的自由度較大,而且收匯結(jié)算比較快速和方便。
識(shí)別公開(kāi)議付、限定議付和不許議付諸功能:
凡在信用證中未注明有關(guān)公開(kāi)議付(Open Negotiation)或限定議(Re-stricted Negotiation)字樣者,皆視為付款取單的直接信用證(Straight Credit),不允許任何銀行予以議付,此種信用證稱不許議付信用證。
開(kāi)證銀行根據(jù)什么規(guī)定,按信用證條款項(xiàng)下,由受益人簽發(fā)的匯票可以:
公開(kāi)議付,即歡迎任何銀行予以議付:
限定議付,即只限定指名由某一銀行議付;
不許議付,即不許任何銀行予以議付,只許由付款銀行付款取單。
關(guān)于三種方式,取何種方式為宜,這取決于進(jìn)口商資金周轉(zhuǎn)的實(shí)際情況、開(kāi)證銀行的信譽(yù)及進(jìn)出口商雙方經(jīng)談判而同意的議付方式而定。
若開(kāi)證銀行是信譽(yù)好,資金雄厚的名牌銀行,所開(kāi)具的信用證為公開(kāi)議付方式,則任何銀行都可議付,拓展銀行業(yè)務(wù)并可收取銀行費(fèi)用。
若開(kāi)證銀行希望自己掌握審單,減少風(fēng)險(xiǎn),則指定其分理銀行、代理銀行辦并從嚴(yán)予以辦理,但開(kāi)證銀行開(kāi)具的信用證,一般來(lái)講,采取限定銀行議付方式。
若進(jìn)口商將欲支付的貨款,已存入出口商所在地的銀行(如通知銀行),則開(kāi)證銀行開(kāi)具的信用證一般來(lái)講,應(yīng)采用直接信用證項(xiàng)下,付款贖單的方式,以減少匯票及單據(jù)的周轉(zhuǎn)程序并可節(jié)約銀行費(fèi)用。
直接信用證的功能:
1. 本銀行向貴公司(受益人)表示同意,凡依本信用證條款規(guī)定所開(kāi)具的匯票與單據(jù),于到期提交付款銀行時(shí)應(yīng)予以付款。
We hereby agree with you (Beneficiary) that all drafts drawn under and in conformity with the terms of this credit will be duly honoured on presentation and
on delivery of documents as specified to the Drawee bank。
2. 本銀行保證,凡按本信用證開(kāi)具的匯票, 于到期時(shí),將予以付款。
We hereby guarantee that drafts drawn in compliance with the terms and conditions of this credit shall be duly paid at mat-urity。
3. 凡開(kāi)具的匯票完全符合本信用證規(guī)定的條款,一經(jīng)向付款銀行提示并提交本信用證所規(guī)定的有關(guān)單據(jù),本銀行同意向貴方履行付款責(zé)任。
We hereby agree with you that all drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms of this credit will be duly honoured on due presentation and on delivery of documents specified to Drawee Bank。
4. 根據(jù)本信用證開(kāi)具的匯票和單據(jù),完全符合本信用證條款并及時(shí)提交,本銀行保證向貴方履行付款責(zé)任。
We hereby engage with you that drafts and all documents drawn under and in strict conformity with the terms of this credit will be honoured on due presentation。
直接信用證通常規(guī)定受益人所在地的通知銀行兼付款銀行,而且付款銀行直接付款的對(duì)象僅限受益人,此乃直接信用證的特征。直接信用證項(xiàng)下的由通知銀行兼付款銀行或另外指定銀行對(duì)匯票予以付款,而付款銀行一經(jīng)付款,則無(wú)權(quán)追索。
在國(guó)際貿(mào)易的實(shí)務(wù)中于何種情況和條件下,采用限定議付、公開(kāi)議付或直接付款,應(yīng)視貿(mào)易方式而定。